Balance
Areas of light tone can be balanced by areas of darker tone and small shapes near the edge by larger central ones.

Colour (hue)
The colour wheel has twelve parts and can be used as a guide to contrasting and complementary hues. The wheel uses the primary colours (red, blue and yellow), secondary (green, violet and orange), compounds which are a mixture of the primaries and tertiaries which are between the primary and secondary. Saturated colours contain no white, black or complimentaries.

Contrast
The opposing elements of a design are contrasting. Examples include the hues appearing on opposite sides of the colour wheel and light and dark tones. Contrast disrupts unity in a piece of work and should be used with consideration to the amount of discord required.

Dominance
The elements in a work of art or design that you chose to emphasize are called dominant.

Gradation
The illusion of perspective can be created using gradations of tone from light to dark and colour from cool to warm.

Harmony
The use of similar elements, such as shape and hue, can be used to produce harmony.

Unity
The use of related elements which reinforce the theme of a piece of work can help to create a sense of unity.